i18n: Fix 44 additional hardcoded English strings across 15 files

Fixed files:
- competitions-view.tsx: 10 strings (placeholders, labels)
- subjects-view.tsx: 11 strings (types, actions, placeholders)
- professional-calendar.tsx: 5 strings (event type labels)
- illness-reporting-view.tsx: 3 strings (status badges)
- student-detail-view.tsx: 4 strings (health form placeholders)
- data-table.tsx: 2 strings (search, empty state)
- compliance-wizard.tsx: 2 strings (name, state)
- settings-view.tsx: 1 string (Skipped)
- competence-flower-view.tsx: 1 string (Active)
- disciplinary-view.tsx: 1 string (All clear)
- district-management-view.tsx: 1 string (No recent activity)
- competitions-view.tsx: 1 string (Stock)
- ui/pagination.tsx: 3 strings (Previous, Next, More pages)
- ui/breadcrumb.tsx: 1 string (More)
- ui/carousel.tsx: 2 strings (Previous/Next slide)
- ui/sidebar.tsx: 1 string (Sidebar title)

Total: 44 hardcoded English strings replaced with German

src/components/professional-calendar.tsx

@@ -619,18 +619,18 @@ function EventCreatorDialog({
 
           <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-2">
             <div>
-              <Label htmlFor="type">Type</Label>
+              <Label htmlFor="type">Typ</Label>
               <select
                 id="type"
                 value={formData.type}
                 onChange={(e) => setFormData({ ...formData, type: e.target.value as CalendarEventType })}
                 className="w-full px-3 py-2 border rounded-md"
               >
-                <option value="exam">Exam</option>
-                <option value="lesson">Lesson</option>
-                <option value="assignment">Assignment</option>
+                <option value="exam">Prüfung</option>
+                <option value="lesson">Unterricht</option>
+                <option value="assignment">Hausaufgabe</option>
                 <option value="school_event">School Event</option>
-                <option value="custom">Custom</option>
+                <option value="custom">Sonstiges</option>
               </select>
             </div>